Which of the following is listed as a disadvantage of fixed facility incineration?

• A. Kill all micros
• B. Expensive
• C. None in CA
• D. Hard to regulate

Answer: (B)

The main idea is that fixed facility incineration is costly. Building and operating a centralized incinerator requires a large upfront investment in high-temperature furnaces, pollution-control systems, and the infrastructure to handle waste and dispose of residues. Ongoing costs—fuel, power, maintenance, skilled labor, and the extensive regulatory compliance activities required to meet California’s strict air-quality and waste-management standards—add even more to the price tag. Even if there’s some energy recovery, the total life-cycle costs often remain high, which is why expense is the most notable disadvantage. The other options aren’t as accurate: no process guarantees destruction of every microorganism under all conditions, there are fixed facility incinerators in California, and while regulation is rigorous, it’s the cost burden that stands out as the key drawback.